I. Ubukomere bwa Rockwell (HR)
Kanda hano kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa byacu.
1. Ihame

Ukoresheje agace k'icyuma gafite inguni ya 120° cyangwa umupira w'icyuma (ufite umurambararo wa 1.59mm cyangwa 3.18mm) nk'agace k'icyuma, kanda mu buso bw'ibikoresho munsi y'igikorwa cy'umutwaro w'ibanze n'umutwaro w'ingenzi. Agaciro k'ubukomere kabarwa hashingiwe ku burebure bw'agace k'icyuma—uko agace k'icyuma karushaho kuba kanini, niko ubukomere burushaho kuba buke.

2. Ibiranga

- Umuvuduko wihuse wo gupima no gukora byoroshye, bikwiriye gupimwa mu byiciro.
- Ishobora gupima ibikoresho bikomeye hagati kugeza kuri byinshi.
- Hari ibipimo byinshi biboneka hashingiwe ku bukomere bw'ibikoresho:
- HRA: Ikoresha umutwaro wa kilogarama 60 n'icyuma gikingira diyama, kibereye ibikoresho bikomeye cyane nka karubide zikozwe muri sima.
- HRB: Ikoresha umutwaro wa kilogarama 100 n'icyuma gikingira umupira, gikwiriye icyuma cyoroshye, umuringa, aluminiyumu, nibindi.
- HRC: Ikoresha umutwaro wa kilogarama 150 n'icyuma gikingira diyama, kibereye icyuma gifunze, imashini zikomeye, nibindi.

3. Porogaramu zisanzwe

Ikoreshwa cyane mu gupima vuba ubukana bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma nk'ibikoresho byo gukata, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gupima ibyuma, ibikoresho byo gutema, n'ibice by'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma.

II. Ubukomere bwa Brinell (HBW)

1. Ihame

Umupira ukomeye w’icyuma ufite umurambararo runaka (ubusanzwe 10mm) ushyirwa ku buso bw’ibikoresho munsi y’umutwaro runaka, kandi agaciro k’ubukana kabarwa hashingiwe ku murambararo w’icyuma.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa Brinell Ubukomere:

- HBS: Ikoresha icyuma gifata umupira, gikwiriye ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwa ≤ 450 HB, nk'icyuma cyoroshye, icyuma cy'umukara, n'ibyuma bidakoresha feri.
- HBW: Ikoresha umupira ukomeye, ukwiriye ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwa ≤ 650 HB, kandi ni bwo buryo busanzwe bw'ibipimo bigezweho.

2. Ibiranga

- Ibisubizo bihamye kandi bisubirwamo neza.
- Bikwiriye ibyuma byoroshye kugeza ku binini.
- Icyuho ni kinini ugereranyije, bityo ntikibereye ibice bifite inkuta nto cyangwa bito.

3. Porogaramu zisanzwe

Gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho fatizo n'ibice byatunganyijwe, nk'icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma gishongeshejwe, n'ibyuma bidafite feri hamwe n'ibyuma byabyo.

III. Ubukomere bwa Vickers (HV)

1. Ihame

Indangururamajwi ya diyama ifite inguni ya 136° ikoreshwa mu gukandagira ku buso bw'ibikoresho munsi y'umutwaro runaka, kandi agaciro k'ubukana kabarwa hashingiwe ku burebure bw'indangururamajwi.

2. Ibiranga

- Ubuhanga bwo hejuru: Bufasha gupima ubukana nyabwo, ndetse no mu duce duto cyane (urugero, uduce duto tw'ibikoresho).
- Ikoreshwa ryagutse: Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gupima ibikoresho mu buryo bwagutse bwo gukomera, kuva ku byuma byoroshye (nk'ibyuma bya aluminiyumu) ​​kugeza ku bikoresho bikomeye cyane (nk'ibirungo bya sima).
- Gushyiramo agace gato: Gushyiramo agace gato gasigaye ku buso bw'ibikoresho birinda kwangiza ibikoresho, bigatuma biba byiza ku bice bifite inkuta nto, gutwikira ubuso, no gupima ubukana bw'ahantu hato.

3. Porogaramu zisanzwe

Ikoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubukana bw'ibice by'ubuhanga, irangi ry'ubuso, n'impapuro ntoya—urugero, gupima ubukana bw'irangi ry'ibishishwa bya telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo harebwe ko idapfa kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, ni ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu gusesengura ubukana bw'uturere twa mikorosikopi, nko gupima ubukana bw'imbibi z'ibinyampeke n'imbibi z'ibice mu bikoresho kugira ngo higwe imiterere ya mikorosikopi y'ibikoresho.

4. Kugereranya uburyo butatu bwo gupima ubukana

5. Incamake
Uburyo butatu bwo gupima ubukana buri bumwe bufite ibyiza byabwo. Uburyo bukwiye bugomba gutoranywa neza hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho, imiterere y'icyitegererezo, urwego rw'ubukana n'ibisabwa kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo by'ibizamini bifatika.

Kanda hano kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa byacu.